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  <title>Court Jester with Colin Bruce II</title>
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  <updated>2008-05-15T12:14:05.6248750-04:00</updated>
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    <name>F+W Publications, Inc.</name>
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    <title>EGYPT - Cairo Merchant Issues</title>
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    <published>2008-05-15T11:00:43.0150000-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-05-15T11:06:14.5936250-04:00</updated>
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          <div>
         I have listed a small but rather interesting group of Jewish merchant tokens issued
         in Cairo, Egypt after WW I in the latest edition of "Unusual World Coins". They consist
         of imitations of Spanish and Spanish colonial silver 2 and 8 reales coins. Most likely
         these were advertising pieces and enjoyed some limited circulation or could end up
         being used as jewelry. As we know Spanish silver and especially Maria Theresa talers
         of Austria were very popular in trade in all of North Africa for centuries.<br /><br /><br /><br /><img src="content/binary/EgyptA.jpg" alt="EgyptA.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="213" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="216" /><img src="content/binary/EgyptB.jpg" alt="EgyptB.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="213" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="216" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
         The example illustrated is cast silver weighing 24.83 grams and measures 40.88 mm.
         The obverse portrays a very crude bust of Ferdinand VII of Spain dated 1920. The obverse
         legend reads: • FERDIN • VII • - DEI • GRATIA •. The reverse has a very stylized crowned
         arms between pillars with rather unusual banners. The reverse legend reads: • CAIRO
         . SAGA - SAAD. MEAWAD • with "28" below the arms.<p></p></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>CHINA EMPIRE - Modern Coin Fabrications</title>
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    <published>2008-05-07T11:44:26.9530000-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-05-07T11:45:48.2500000-04:00</updated>
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          <div>Lately we have been getting many inquiries with attached scans of Chinese dragon
         dollars and taels asking for our opinions as to whether they are genuine or not. So
         far the fakes are batting 100% and possible genuine pieces zero. While carefully looking
         at these scans I look for the obvious at first which is imperfections in the denticles
         around the rim and the dot pattern of the inner circle on the obverse. On genuine
         pieces these are usually almost perfect. The on-line auctions are currently loaded
         with various offerings of such material from the mainland. Several years ago I won
         a few lots which included some fakes of rarities and some really bazaar fabrications.
         My first response to these inquiries is to have them weigh their coin or coins. Most
         of the modern fakes will come in underweight and are not struck in good silver . The
         standard weight for the 7 Mace 2 Candareens dragon dollar is 26.86 grams which happens
         to be 72 % of the Kuping Tael weight of 37.31 grams.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/ChinaSungareA.jpg" alt="ChinaSungareA.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="169" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="168" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/ChinaSungareiB.jpg" alt="ChinaSungareiB.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="168" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="168" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
         For an example of a rather exotic dragon tael lets take a look at the silver fantasy
         Sinkiang Tael that I have listed as X # M345 in the current edition of "Unusual World
         Coins". Now my example is not struck in silver and being quite oversize at 45.2 mm
         and underweight at 31.7 grams. The edge does have rather uniform reeding. The misspelling
         of TAEL as "TEAL" is a definite give away to those whom are somewhat knowledgeable
         with Chinese coinage but perhaps not to a casual collector. No genuine coins are known
         to exist of this particular type during the reign of Emperor Kuang-hsü, 1875 - 1908.<br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/ChinaKirinA2.jpg" alt="ChinaKirinA2.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="168" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="168" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/ChinaKirinB2.jpg" alt="ChinaKirinB2.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="168" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="170" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
         Now for a more unusual design for a Kirin Province Tael dated year 10 (1885) of Kuang-hsü
         I have again an oversize piece measuring 45 mm and very underweight at 30.53 grams.
         Similar genuine coins were actually struck in silver with this design but measure
         only 39 mm with a thickness of 3-1/4 mm but slightly underweight at 35.5 grams. The
         weight of the tael in China varied somewhat to different standards but the Kuping
         Tael weight was used for most all dragon coinage. This fabrication is really a wonderful
         example of excellent workmanship. Skinny dragons facing each other are on the obverse.
         The edge lettering is really a classic and refers to the well known designer L. Georgi.
         The edge lettering reads: GIORGI L • GIORGI • GIORGI LNCI x (9 Chinese characters)
         • (7 Chinese characters) x<br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/ChinaA.jpg" alt="ChinaA.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="182" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="184" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/ChinaB.jpg" alt="ChinaB.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="186" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="188" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
         A recent inquiry that I received from Charles Chalhoub located in Lebanon prompted
         me to post this subject and will provide a review of a false no date ( 1901 ) Szechuan
         dragon dollar. Starting off I had Chalhoub check the weight of this coin and at 26.86
         grams we had a remote possibility of it being genuine so I had him send along scans
         at 300 dpi for a visual inspection. The four vertical Manchu characters at the center
         of the obverse are very deteriorated and the dots of the inner circle are very uneven
         and missing a dot at left and also one dot is missing at right. The denticles along
         the rim on both obverse and reverse vary from full to nonexistent. This is a very
         poor fabrication but will certainly plague the antique flea and numismatic markets
         for years to come.<p></p></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>Military Coinage - Honduras</title>
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    <published>2008-05-02T10:51:42.7357574-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-05-02T10:51:42.7357574-04:00</updated>
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        <div>One very unusual item I was given many years ago was a military coat button that
      was hammered flat and most likely placed into circulation as a coin. Many Latin American
      military forces used their country's national arms for their uniform buttons after
      they gained independence which is also portrayed on their respective coinages.<br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Hondurasfcflip.jpg" alt="Hondurasfcflip.jpg" border="0" height="123" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="120" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Hondurasbcflip.jpg" alt="Hondurasbcflip.jpg" border="0" height="122" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="120" /><br /><br /><br /><br />
      This particular button was hollow and struck in copper-nickel with the legend: "REPUBLICA
      DE HONDURAS" above the national arms. The draped flags hung on lances in the coat
      of arms certainly adds to the military flavor The legend on the reverse reads: "EXTRA
      FEIN" which most likely refers to a German manufacturer. Notice the crushed area from
      the thread loop and battered stem on the reverse. The flattened button measures 24.22
      mm.<br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Honduras3-1.jpg" alt="Honduras3-1.jpg" border="0" height="180" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="180" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Honduras3.jpg" alt="Honduras3.jpg" border="0" height="180" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="180" /><br /><br /><br />
      The similarity to the Honduras 25 Centavos KM # 36 dated 1871 sort of gives one an
      idea of age of this button and the denomination it was possibly circulated as because
      this particular style of national arms was only used on a very few coins.<br /><p></p></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>JAPAN - Enthronement Medals</title>
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    <published>2008-05-02T10:09:14.2010000-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-05-02T10:09:48.8896919-04:00</updated>
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          <div>I have always had quite an interest in the ribboned medals issued by Japan. The
         first medal was issued in 1874 commemorating Japan's involvement in the China War
         of 1874. The last was issued in 1944 commemorating the Great East Asia War. The first
         medal is extremely rare whereas the last is also rare as very few were actually issued.
         Amongst this small but interesting series of 23 different are 2 enthronement medals.<br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Taishofc.jpg" alt="Taishofc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="400" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="208" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Taishobc.jpg" alt="Taishobc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="400" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="221" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
         The first medal was issued for the enthronement of Yoshihito / Taisho Era in November
         1915. Struck in silver it measures 30.41 mm in diameter with a large gold Imperial
         Seal at top center above two draped banners and comes in a wooden box.<br /><br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Showafc.jpg" alt="Showafc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="371" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="213" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Showabc.jpg" alt="Showabc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="372" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="205" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
         The second type was issued for the enthronement of Hirohito /Showa Era in November
         1928. Also struck in silver it measures 30.32 mm in diameter having a small gold Imperial
         Seal at center on an altar and comes in a paper covered wooden box.<br /><br />
         Recently I purchased a group of eight different Japanese ribboned medals on e-Bay
         from a vender with an FPO address at a rather decent price. While checking further
         with a friend who is also an OMSA member he told me that apparantly a stash of these
         medals has turned up in Japan and released into the collector's marketplace. A great
         time to buy as they most likely will be quickly absorbed by collectors worldwide.<p></p></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY - ENGLAND WW II</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/GREAT+WESTERN+RAILWAY++ENGLAND+WW+II.aspx" />
    <id>http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/PermaLink,guid,e2f11abb-7ca2-45a3-b6ac-fb632fb09802.aspx</id>
    <published>2008-04-30T15:50:12.8220000-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-04-30T15:50:59.2751250-04:00</updated>
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          <div>The Great Western Railway (GWR) was originally a British Railway Company founded
         in 1833 connecting London with the West Country, South West England and South Wales.
         The GWR kept it's identity through the 1923 grouping and became the Western Region
         of British Railways in 1948. World War II took certainly took it's toll on the GWR
         mostly through heavy wear and tear and of course the bombing of London by Hitler's
         Luftwaffe.<br /><br />
         Since my greater interest is in all orders and medals issued during the World War
         II era somewhere along the line I added two GWR First Aid Efficiency medals to my
         collection.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/1stGWRfcc.jpg" alt="1stGWRfcc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="266" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="200" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/1stGWRbcc.jpg" alt="1stGWRbcc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="266" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="200" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
         The first example is struck in 0.375 fine gold and was awarded for 15 years. The central
         shield is for the GWR surmounted on a cross of the Order of St. John. It measures
         25.82 mm in diameter and weighs 6.86 grams. The reverse is engraved 3363/ JOHN SNELL
         / 1939 at center with the usual jeweler's hallmarks below just above the raised rim
         - "J. T &amp; Co."<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/2ndGWRfcc.jpg" alt="2ndGWRfcc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="274" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="203" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/2ndGWRbcc.jpg" alt="2ndGWRbcc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="270" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="200" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
         The second example is much more elaborate having the GWR shield in colored enamels
         with the cross of St. John in white against a field of black and was awarded for 25
         years. I would assume it might also be struck in 0.375 gold but it isn't marked as
         such on the rim as the first example is. It measures 25.96 mm with a weight of 8.51
         grams. The reverse is engraved 1584 / WILLIAM J. ROBERTS / 1944 and has the same jeweler's
         initials but this time in a small shield below just above the raised rim.<p></p></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>MILITARY PAYMENT COINAGE - CARTHAGE</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/MILITARY+PAYMENT+COINAGE++CARTHAGE.aspx" />
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    <published>2008-04-23T09:48:29.3230000-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-04-30T15:56:23.2438750-04:00</updated>
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                      <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Zeugit03fcc.jpg" alt="Zeugit03fcc.jpg" align="middle" border="0" height="204" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="200" />
                      <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Zeugit03bcc.jpg" alt="Zeugit03bcc.jpg" align="middle" border="0" height="202" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="200" />
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                        Hannibal, a Carthaginian general, was born in 247 B.C. and committed suicide in 183
                        B.C. He was trained in Spain at an early age the art of warfare. In 221 B.C., he assumed
                        command of the army and province of Spain, conducted a campaign against the Holcades
                        and a year later against the Vaccaei, and overcame the Carpetani in a battle near
                        the Tagus. Hannibal then laid seige to Saguntum, despite a warning from Rome, and
                        took it after eight months. The Romans declared war and there we have perhaps the
                        most terrible war of ancient times- the Second Punic War.<br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Zeugit01fcc.jpg" alt="Zeugit01fcc.jpg" align="middle" border="0" height="203" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="200" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Zeugit01bcc.jpg" alt="Zeugit01bcc.jpg" align="middle" border="0" height="206" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="200" /><br /><br /><br />
                        For the first decade things went rather nicely for Hannibal and his forces. During
                        the second decade however, attrition and lack of a naval force, and usually being
                        outnumbered by the Roman forces, were starting to take its toll. He was defeated in
                        202 B.C., barely escaping to Carthage.<br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Zeugit02fcc.jpg" alt="Zeugit02fcc.jpg" align="middle" border="0" height="201" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="200" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Zeugit02bcc.jpg" alt="Zeugit02bcc.jpg" align="middle" border="0" height="201" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="200" /><br /><br /><br /><br />
                        Of course his employment of elephants in his army is legendary.<br /><br />
                        In my accumulation of odds and ends, I have 6 billon tetradrachms struck by his traveling
                        mints in the period of 205-202 B.C., which were catalogued under Zeugitania. They
                        measure 25.8-26.2 mm in diameter with a weight averaging 11.2-11.3 grams. What is
                        most interesting to me is the three varieties of the obverse die, portraying the head
                        of Tanit left, which I refer to as small, medium and large heads. The reverses have
                        a horse standing right with a palm tree in the background with minor varieties. The
                        other three examples I have are nice fine condition so these types were in circulation
                        for some time.<br /><br />
                        There never were any coins struck portraying Hannibal himself, so by adding one of
                        these coins to a collection represents not only Hannibal and Carthage, but the end
                        of the Second Punic War.<br /><br /></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>BANK OF ENGLAND NEW 20£ BANK NOTE</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/BANK+OF+ENGLAND+NEW+20+BANK+NOTE.aspx" />
    <id>http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/PermaLink,guid,e57e08bb-a730-45fd-b944-c66600df4858.aspx</id>
    <published>2008-04-22T13:01:16.1820000-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-04-22T13:07:11.2297500-04:00</updated>
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              <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/20lbNotefc2.jpg" alt="20lbNotefc2.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="253" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="468" />
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            I am not really a serious collector of world bank notes as I once was over a decade
            ago when the "Standard Catalogs of World Banknotes" were still my responsibility.
            Presently I collect the occasional historical, unusual or attractive world banknote.<br /><br />
            Since my favorite color is purple I was delighted to add this new Bank of England
            20 £ note to my holdings with the help of Claire Lobel of Coincraft located in London.<br /><br />
            Two earlier portraits of Queen Elizabeth II adorn the right side and also included
            as the watermark while a bust of Adam Smith, 1723-1790, is found at left on the back
            of the note. Smith was a Scottish moral philosopher and also a pioneering political
            economist.<br /><br />
            The vertical security silver band includes "20", "£" alternating with a bust of Smith.<br /><p></p></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>CIVIL WAR STORE CARDS </title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/CIVIL+WAR+STORE+CARDS+.aspx" />
    <id>http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/PermaLink,guid,686a42cb-4924-4eea-8042-ee27ab8eaf10.aspx</id>
    <published>2008-04-14T10:52:33.3420000-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-04-14T11:06:06.9675000-04:00</updated>
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                      <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/1863fc.jpg" alt="1863fc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="124" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="123" />
                      <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/1863bc.jpg" alt="1863bc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="140" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="138" />
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                        <br />
                        Indian cent illustrations courtesy of Fox Valley Coins and Diamonds, etc. Kimberly,
                        WI</font>
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                      <img src="content/binary/PabstCan.jpg" alt="PabstCan.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="366" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="200" />During
                        most any war in the past, coins in circulation disappear quickly mainly due to hoarding
                        or purchasing needed items provided through the black market. During these coin shortages
                        many varieties of substitutes have been created in various metals and paper "good
                        fors" by local businesses, organizations, towns to larger cities and provinces.<br /><br />
                        One of the most interesting series were struck during our Civil War comprising of
                        political and store card tokens which have similar properties to the then-current
                        circulating Indian Head cents.<br /><br />
                        My favorite store card was struck in 1863 for Philip Best of the Empire Brewery located
                        in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This brewery began as Best &amp; Company in 1844 and has
                        gone through numerous name changes and today it is the well known Pabst Brewing Company
                        producing Pabst Blue Ribbon® beer.<br /><br />
                        Struck in bronze with a weight of 4.07 grams, diameter of 19.68 mm and plain edge
                        the obverse portrays a barrel and brewing tools. The legend reads: EMPIRE BREWERY
                        + MILWAUKEE +. The reverse has a beer mug with a full head of foam with date 1863
                        beneath it surrounded with legend * PHILIP BEST * LAGER BEER *.<p></p></div>
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                  <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/WIBrewerybc.jpg" alt="WIBrewerybc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="144" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="144" />
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  <entry>
    <title>Mysterious Countermark</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/Mysterious+Countermark.aspx" />
    <id>http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/PermaLink,guid,4860803a-2274-4eb5-b250-cbe8d8174184.aspx</id>
    <published>2008-04-10T14:20:24.2030000-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-05-15T12:14:05.6248750-04:00</updated>
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                              <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/2Irelandb.jpg" alt="2Irelandb.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="201" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="202" />
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                                    This sunburst type of countermark on a very worn Irish 1/2 penny dated 1805 has baffled
                                    me for at least 4 decades. Usually a sunburst countermark is indented into the coin's
                                    surface whereas this sunburst is raised up through the harp on the reverse being pushed
                                    up from behind by a slightly rounded large punch of some sort against the bust of
                                    King George III. This has flattened his bust into obscurity.<br /><br />
                                    By defacing the royal bust along with the Irish harp in one stroke I would have to
                                    guess that this might serve a political message - or maybe it is a membership or even
                                    a commercial token?<br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/0500a.jpg" alt="0500a.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="206" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="203" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/0500b.jpg" alt="0500b.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="220" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="215" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p></p></div>
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  <entry>
    <title> MILITARY PAYMENT COINAGE - ROME</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/+MILITARY+PAYMENT+COINAGE++ROME.aspx" />
    <id>http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/PermaLink,guid,801b3d44-f5e6-45f0-ac23-afdcd9c8f944.aspx</id>
    <published>2008-04-10T14:14:29.0780000-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-05-15T09:38:40.9842500-04:00</updated>
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              <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/2Romeb.jpg" alt="2Romeb.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="149" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="148" />The
            MPC Gram, which is open forum for collectors specializing in worldwide military payment
            certificates and vouchers, recently mentioned coinage struck for the sole purpose
            of paying troops. This really rang a bell, so I had to do a little digging around
            in my accumulation of stuff to come up with a neat example for one of the more famous
            issues of ancient times.<br /><br />
            Let's travel back in time to the Roman Empire, where there is two major series. The
            first I will mention is for military conquests and victories. The earliest type recorded
            was struck during the reign of Augustus featuring a crocodile on the reverse, issued
            in 28-27 B.C., which reflects the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra and the annexation
            of the former Ptolemaic Kingdom.<br /><br />
            The second series of Roman coins is the legionary types issued by five rulers, from
            the first century B.C. to the end of the third century A.D. The main reason for their
            issue was to inspire the loyalty of the troops whose legions were honored. Marc Antony
            and Septimius Severus are similar with a basic reverse of a legionary eagle perched
            on a stand between two standards.<br /><br /><img src="content/binary/2Romea.jpg" alt="2Romea.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="149" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="149" />My
            favorite is the silver denarius that has a legionary galley on the obverse with the
            legend "ANT.AVG.III " above and "VIR R. P. C." below. 
            <br /><br />
            The reverse legend "LEG. V" below the eagle relates to the various legions it was
            issued for.<br /><br />
            After the battle of Philippi Antony went to Asia where he met Cleopatra and was "swept
            off his feet" so to say, by her. A quarrel with Octavian, who was part of the second
            Triumvirate along with Lepidus, that was formed in 43 B.C. by Marc Antony, led to
            the battle of Actium. Being defeated by Octavian, he fled to Egypt with Cleopatra
            and later committed suicide in Alexandria in 30 B.C.<br /><br />
            Measuring 16mm this silver denarius was struck for Legion V.<p></p></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>Cudan Orders </title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/Cudan+Orders+.aspx" />
    <id>http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/PermaLink,guid,27793fc0-4a50-45d8-aff7-89e9c6151d60.aspx</id>
    <published>2008-04-01T11:47:59.4540000-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-04-04T12:10:59.5560692-04:00</updated>
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                    <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/CubaMedalfc.jpg" alt="CubaMedalfc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="408" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="221" />
                    <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/CubaMedalbc.jpg" alt="CubaMedalbc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="409" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="228" />
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                     The previous República de Cuba prior to Castro's regime had quite an array of orders
                     for various branches of the military, police and civilians. These came in various
                     classes from pin backed ribboned medals to higher class neck orders and the large
                     breast stars. These are all nicely documented by Robert Werlich in his "Orders and
                     Decorations of all Counties". But I am always looking for the odd item off the beaten
                     track so to say. This is a rather unusual neck order that I have been unable to track
                     down in any catalog. It is an 8-pointed star with a red enameled cross with 5-pointed
                     stars in each of the four quarters. The central design is the multicolored Cuban arms
                     encircled by this legend: INTER INIMICOS CHARITAS. This must be an organization's
                     name. The manufacturer's name is on a circular disc on the reverse: ANTIGUA VILARDEBO
                     Y RIERA * HABANANA * / FABICADO / EN / CUBA.<br /><br /><hr size="2" width="100%" /><br /><i>From Enrique Cayado and the Cuban Numismatic Association:</i><br /><br />
                     Order of Merit and Honor of the National Red Cross, knight (Orden de Honor y Mérito
                     de la Cruz Roja Cubana, caballero); the face with a central circular medallion bearing
                     the polychrome arms of the Republic of Cuba within a white enamel ring inscribed in
                     gilt letters 'INTER INIMICOS CHARITAS (Charity between enemies).<br /><br />
                     The Cuban Red Cross was founded by Diego Tamayo y Figueredo on 10 March 1909 and recognized
                     by the International Red Cross on 7 September 1909.<br /><p></p></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>HIBERNIA - IRELAND </title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/HIBERNIA++IRELAND+.aspx" />
    <id>http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/PermaLink,guid,e4d55799-5644-47d2-9e96-444edd2a7845.aspx</id>
    <published>2008-04-01T11:43:29.5322504-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-04-01T11:43:29.5322504-04:00</updated>
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          <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/HiberniaMedalfc.jpg" alt="HiberniaMedalfc.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="342" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="300" />Amongst
      my accumulation of world orders and military medals I noticed an old acquisition the
      other day which probably came from Ireland.<br /><br />
      The star has seven points and measures 60 mm across the points with what appears to
      be a brass plating. The center is dark copper colored and measures 36 mm having a
      harp in sprays. Total weight is 44 grams. The reverse is smooth with the maker's mark
      at center - TOYE &amp; Co. (symbol) / LONDON which is still in business today . It
      has a ring suspension for a neck chain or ribbon. I would guess it was manufactured
      in the late 18th or 19th century but have been unable to find out what organization
      had it struck or for what purpose.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p></p></div>
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  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Liberia and The Standard Catalog of World Coins </title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/Liberia+And+The+Standard+Catalog+Of+World+Coins+.aspx" />
    <id>http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/PermaLink,guid,643ea668-7250-42eb-b175-6c2f3a35d85d.aspx</id>
    <published>2008-03-24T10:27:53.1940000-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-03-24T15:42:45.5695006-04:00</updated>
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                <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/liberiaA.jpg" alt="liberiaA.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="207" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="207" />Going
               back to 1996 and the 25th Anniversary of <i>The Standard Catalog of World Coins</i> quickly
               approaching, I asked Clifford Mishler here if it was at all possible to have, say,
               a $5.00 coin struck for this gala event, perhaps in copper-nickel, that we could use
               as a giveaway item with each catalog purchased.<br /><br />
               Well months went by, and one day Mishler showed up at my desk much to my surprise
               with an artist's sketch. The sketch was okayed and some months later he dropped off
               the coin. Well Mishler has this habit of going all out when he is in charge of a project,
               and he dropped off this Liberia 2-1/2 ounce proof struck in 0.999 fine silver $25
               coin. He thought it might be a good sell to our <i>SCWC</i> catalog owners and <i>World
               Coin News'</i> subscribers, but sales were rather slack.<br /><br /><img src="content/binary/liberiaB.jpg" alt="liberiaB.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="211" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="211" />A
               few years later the remaining stock was distributed to all of Krause Publications
               employees at a Christmas party. Well I thought this was rather unusual, but it turned
               out to be one of the more popular keepsakes that was ever handed out. Of the 400 or
               so given out here I would guess about only 100 have been turned in for their bullion
               value and remelted. But as silver hit $20.00 ounce the coin is worth twice the face
               value of $25, so we might see a few more surface for cash.<br /><br />
               It is listed as KM #323 and the illustrations should appear once again in the forthcoming
               36th edition of <i>SCWC</i>. It is currently illustrated and listed in NumisMaster
               at $65.00. This is one coin I am very proud of being involved with as I have been
               working on the <i>SCWC</i> series for almost 34 years now. 
               <br /><p></p><br /><br /></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>Hola Chihuahua</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/Hola+Chihuahua.aspx" />
    <id>http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/PermaLink,guid,15ebcbd8-809f-4b45-93c6-5fbc381cf024.aspx</id>
    <published>2008-01-18T09:52:25.5710000-05:00</published>
    <updated>2008-01-18T12:36:23.9328985-05:00</updated>
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                <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/mexicoac.jpg" alt="mexicoac.jpg" align="left" border="1" height="231" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="508" />
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               Let us go back to the days of Pancho Villa and the Mexican Revolution. Joe Zaffern
               of Southfield, Michigan, submitted this advertising bank note printed for the Bank
               of the State of Chihuahua by the American Bank Note Company, New York. Supposedly
               these were released by revolutionary forces with only one printed signature, which
               I find very unusual, but that is the information found in the current Standard Catalog
               of World Paper Money specialized edition.<br /><br /><br /><br /><img src="content/binary/mexicobc.jpg" alt="mexicobc.jpg" align="left" border="1" height="233" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="508" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
               The nice feature about this note is that it was used for advertising "LA INTERNACIONAL"
               wine and liquor store located in the city of Juarez and run by Habanero Ripoll. The
               simple phone number 206 might give a clue to the era of issue. Juarez is located in
               the State of Chihuahua across the Rio Grande from El Paso, Texas. 
               <br /><br />
               Thanks to the U.S. Army in 1963 I was sent to Fort Bliss in El Paso for technical
               training for about a year. Thus, most of my off-duty time was spent in Jaurez searching
               for coins and checking out the low-end hosterias and tabernas. Local brews were about
               12 cents a bottle, tequila and coke with a slice of lime was 15 cents, while a litre
               of tequila gold might have cost you about $1.25.<br /><br /></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>Chinese “Bank” Note Printing 101</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/Chinese+Bank+Note+Printing+101.aspx" />
    <id>http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/PermaLink,guid,50c88d14-0c07-4965-9bc1-56b90456846c.aspx</id>
    <published>2007-12-21T09:08:59.2370000-05:00</published>
    <updated>2007-12-21T10:54:57.9352754-05:00</updated>
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                  <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/ChinesePrintBlock02.jpg" alt="ChinesePrintBlock02.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="387" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="300" />Lately
                  I have noticed the occasional listing of older wooden blocks used for printing "bank"
                  notes in the Peoples Republic of China in auctions and pricelists. Actually not banknotes
                  for circulation but those "Hell" or "Ghost" notes printed to be burned at funerals
                  so the deceased will have spending money in the here after world. Modern types of
                  these notes can usually be found in certain shops in most any Chinatown here in the
                  states.<br /><br />
                  Not too long ago Bob Reis (<a href="MailTo:%20reisbiz@earthlink.net">reisbiz@earthlink.net</a>)
                  listed such an item and out of curiosity I ordered it. Much to my pleasure it has
                  a steam locomotive as the central vignette. Reis puts out many price lists covering
                  the "soup to nuts" area of numismatics . Looking at this printer's block more carefully
                  it is hand carved into a hunk of a small log with the natural outer curve being under
                  one's hand and a large character "Shang" is carved in it. It measures 4 7/16" x 5
                  7/16" x 1 13/16" thick with finger indents carved into each side. Being very well
                  stained with red ink it has had some use but I have never encountered an actual note
                  printed from it..<br /><br />
                  Another point of <img src="content/binary/ChinesePrintBlock01b.jpg" alt="ChinesePrintBlock01b.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="374" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="300" />interest
                  is that it has two different "bank" titles at top center. The upper note is for 1
                  Yuan with 1's in all four corners and Chinese characters for 1 yuan in guiloches at
                  left and right of the locomotive. Below the locomotive is the date 1975 in Chinese
                  and Western numerals.<br /><br />
                  The lower note is also for 1 Yuan but one guiloche has been replaced with 5 stars
                  encircled which refers to the Peoples Republic of China but below this is" VI / YUAN"
                  which is obviously an error done by the carver of this wooden plate.<br /><br />
                  Having taken linoleum block printing in 7th or 8th grade I decided to become an apprentice
                  printer once again. My first stop was at the local art store where I purchased a tube
                  of red ink and a roller. Then I stopped at a friend's print shop here in Iola and
                  we not only tried the ink I had purchased but even tried some of the inks that he
                  normally uses but without any luck. The type of ink that the Chinese printer used
                  with this wooden block remains a mystery to me.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p></p></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>Unusual Advertisement From Mexico</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/Unusual+Advertisement+From+Mexico.aspx" />
    <id>http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/PermaLink,guid,0c4aed9a-cd77-4d1e-8f88-536b4da9fdba.aspx</id>
    <published>2007-12-18T17:14:36.9770000-05:00</published>
    <updated>2007-12-19T09:53:08.6801250-05:00</updated>
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                <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/MexicoA.jpg" alt="MexicoA.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="199" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="197" />The
               countermarking of coins with business advertisements is usually considered a thing
               of the past done more in the 18th - 19th centuries. I had won this particular lot
               in a local Kurt Krueger auction here in Iola 15 years ago and it recently turned up
               while I was searching for some other items.<br /><br />
               The host coin is a "Una Onza Troy" Balance Scale silver bullion coin struck at the
               Mexico City Mint in 1949. The countermarking is cleverly placed in the four fields
               surrounding the coin screw press and reads "GENERAL - POPO / 25 ANOS / 1924 with a
               comical looking figure at lower right. I was told some years ago that this translates
               to the 25th Anniversary of General Tire in Mexico City.<br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/MexicoB.jpg" alt="MexicoB.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="220" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="222" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p></p><br /><br /><br /><br /></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>Unknown Jeweler’s (?) Countermark</title>
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    <published>2007-12-12T17:37:28.1406250-05:00</published>
    <updated>2007-12-12T17:37:28.1406250-05:00</updated>
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      Amongst my various accumulations I've had this rather mysterious or unidentified countermarked
      8 reales for about 40 years now just hoping someday it might be identified. The countermark
      is very well done with raised letters "J.J." in a scalloped indent.<br /><br />
      The host coin was struck in 1800 at the Lima Mint with initials I. J. and appears
      to be sea salvaged or perhaps grave dug. The black crud on it is impossible to remove
      as I tried various non-silver cleaners so I'm guessing it is in fact oxidized silver.<br /><p></p></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>Fiscal Remnants of the Romanov Rule</title>
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    <published>2007-12-11T17:38:02.4680000-05:00</published>
    <updated>2007-12-11T17:45:47.2656250-05:00</updated>
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                    <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/Russia1b.jpg" alt="Russia1b.jpg" align="right" border="1" height="455" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="300" />I
                     recently purchased a group of 15 pieces of the Russian Imperial 5-1/2% obligations
                     or Internal Loan dated 1916 with a value of 1000 Roubles, which was quite a sum of
                     money back then. The interesting part is that they were issued by the Bank of Commerce
                     and Trust Company located in Memphis, Tenn., and were still in the original bank packet
                     or folder. These obligations were to mature in 1926 while the coupons would still
                     be redeemable until 1936. Notice only one coupon was clipped and possibly redeemed
                     from all 15 obligations.<br /><br />
                     Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate and the lengthy rule of the Romanov family
                     ended in March 1917. This was mainly due to years of injustice and the mounting financial
                     pressures of World War I. A provisional government known as the White Russians replaced
                     the Czar. Increasing heavy losses at the front and the fear of a German military advance
                     on Moscow had almost eliminated any support for the war and heavily taxed the provisional
                     government's authority.<br /><br /><img src="content/binary/Russia2b.jpg" alt="Russia2b.jpg" align="left" border="1" height="469" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="300" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
                     As the Red Russians started to take over control, the Germans secretly transported
                     Vladimir Lenin from exile in Switzerland into Russia in a sealed train. Lenin was
                     to lead the Bolshevik uprising. The following spring, the new Communist regime signed
                     a treaty with Germany ending Russia's involvement in World War I. On July 17, 1918,
                     the Czar along with his wife, children and servants were executed near Ekaterinburg.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div>
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    <published>2007-12-10T10:02:23.5780000-05:00</published>
    <updated>2008-03-05T11:42:59.6070010-05:00</updated>
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                              <img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/JFK1967a.jpg" alt="JFK1967a.jpg" align="right" height="195" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="195" />Almost
                                    50 years ago while working as a design draftsman at Columbus McKinnon Chain Corporation
                                    located in Tonawanda, N.Y., I spent most of my lunch hours going to the local banks
                                    and picking up rolls of coins to search through with one of the office managers, Raymond
                                    Huckles. Each day we would do one denomination. Of course this is way back in the
                                    "good old days" of circulating silver coinage. I think my favorites were Buffalo nickels
                                    and Mercury dimes. Can you imagine being greatly disappointed after opening a BU mint
                                    wrapped roll of Morgans dated 1921 or Peace dollars dated 1922? Well at the time I
                                    certainly was. Back to the banks they went.<br /><br />
                                    Semi-key dates occasionally appeared and they were checked to see if they upgraded
                                    either of our collections with the lower grade<img src="content/binary/JFK1967b.jpg" alt="JFK1967b.jpg" align="right" height="158" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="157" /> specimen
                                    going back into the roll. We would press them in the inexpensive blue albums produced
                                    by Whitman in Racine, WI. These albums were found in various local stores such as
                                    the "five and dimes.”<br /><br />
                                    A few years ago a very good friend, Istvan Hegedus, who lives in Hungary asked me
                                    if I could help him out with his USA coin collection. He included his want list by
                                    date and mint no less. Looking it over I noticed how weak his JFK holdings were so
                                    off I went to the local Iola bank returning with $100.00 worth of JFKs in rolls. Much
                                    to my amazement it did not take too many trips to other local area banks to start
                                    filling in most of the gaps with coins in pretty much AU – Unc. condition. I found
                                    one silver and three silver clad JFKs before I felt that over 50 different dates and
                                    mints should complete this task for my friend, Istvan.<br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/1976HalfdollarB.jpg" alt="1976HalfdollarB.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="199" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="195" />Well
                                    one never gets over the fun of the search in coin collecting and half dollars are
                                    probably the only easy denomination to put together an AU - Unc. set of circulation
                                    strikes. I gave a call to an area dealer friend, Fritz Voecks at Fox Valley Coin,
                                    and asked if he had a used Whitman Classic JFK album kicking around and a week or
                                    so later it arrived in the mail. The first thing I did was re-label the dates eliminating
                                    the "S" mint proofs in the copper-nickel clad series. This gives one the "P" and "D"
                                    side-by-side two dates across.<br /><br />
                                    So far I have accumulated over 40 different dates and mints in AU - Unc. condition
                                    and found two silver clad in XF condition dated 1967. The latest date I found was
                                    a slightly circulated example dated 2001 so my collection so far stops in 2000, but
                                    you can be sure the hunt will co<img src="content/binary/JFK2000a.jpg" alt="JFK2000a.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="218" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="218" />ntinue
                                    on. The nice condition duplicates are being sent to my "horse trading" friend Juozas
                                    Minikevicius over in Lithuania where they are rather popular, while the well circulated
                                    examples are all being spent here and there, giving them another brief period of freedom
                                    from a bank vault. It is very amusing to hear a young cashier look at them and say:
                                    "Oh, these are half dollars aren't they?" Their cash register drawer usually has rolls
                                    of dimes or quarters in the half dollar compartment or start with the quarters at
                                    the side.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><hr size="2" width="100%" /><br />
                                    While I was going through 20 rolls of Kennedy halves from one of the local banks,
                                    a co-worker went to the other branch bank in town for some Kennedy halves for a gift.
                                    Much to her surprise she found a Walking Liberty half dated 1940. Rather well-worn
                                    and with a large "ED" scratched in the obverse field it still has a melt value of
                                    about $7.00 or so. So why not try your luck at small town branch banks? One never
                                    knows what might be waiting for you.<br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/EDfc.jpg" alt="EDfc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="177" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="182" /><img src="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/content/binary/EDbc.jpg" alt="EDbc.jpg" align="left" border="0" height="188" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="187" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p></p></div>
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  <entry>
    <title>Railroad Stocks and Bonds – Part I</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/Railroad+Stocks+And+Bonds++Part+I.aspx" />
    <id>http://www.numismaticnews.net/CourtJester/PermaLink,guid,461d7771-64a4-4af7-bf48-77d2b0abcb55.aspx</id>
    <published>2007-11-05T12:42:46.1790000-05:00</published>
    <updated>2007-11-05T13:02:54.4762500-05:00</updated>
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                          <img src="content/binary/Railroad-a.jpg" alt="Railroad-a.jpg" align="right" border="1" height="284" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="439" />I
                              grew up in North Tonawanda, N.Y., located where the Erie Barge Canal joins the Niagara
                              River in Western New York. "NT" was noted for being one of the largest lumber industries
                              and ports on the Great Lakes and was referred to as "The Lumber City." The lumber
                              industry also attracted various railroads such as the New york Central, Erie and Lehigh
                              Valley which ran through Buffalo, N.Y., on into Niagara Falls, N.Y., and then across
                              the border into Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.<br /><br />
                              Being just a kid in the 1950s, I witnessed the demise of the powerful steam locomotives
                              giving way to the new diesel locomotives being built by such firms as ALCO, Baldwin
                              and Fairbanks Morse, which all have been out of the railroad locomotive building business
                              for decades.<br /><br /><img src="content/binary/Railroad-loco.jpg" alt="Railroad-loco.jpg" align="right" border="1" height="167" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="350" />A
                              postwar Christmas gift of a Lionel train set really put railroading into my blood
                              and now I collect (or accumulate) HO model trains and various railroadania such as
                              kerosene lanterns of all types.<br /><br />
                              A rather interesting but somewhat obscure field of numismatics is collecting stocks
                              and bonds of "fallen flags" or railroad companies of yesteryear. When properly framed,
                              certain examples make wonderful additions to one's office or den walls. Many colorful
                              examples with exquisite engravings are very inexpensive, while at the upper end we
                              find those with actual signatures of the railroad barons of days gone by rather costly.<br /><br />
                              The example I am illustrating is from the Atlantic &amp; St. Lawrence Railroad Company
                              which was chartered in Maine on Feb. 10, 1845. Printed in black, the central vignette
                              is of a mid 19th century wood-burning "American" steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement
                              of 4-4-0. Printed by the Continental Bank Note Company, this is actually a very early
                              type of certificate that was continually issued prior to World War II. Being denominated
                              in 100 pounds sterling, these were floated in England and this one was issued to "The
                              English Association of American Bond + Share Holders, Limited" on April 1, 1938, or
                              as we call it, "April Fool's Day". A separate sheet still has 25 coupons remaining
                              of the original issue of 40 coupons when it was handstamped "CANCELLED".<br /><br /><img src="content/binary/Railroad-c.jpg" alt="Railroad-c.jpg" align="right" border="1" height="196" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="576" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
                              For reference purposes, I have a recent copy of Terry Cox's "Collectable Stocks and
                              Bonds from North American Railroads - Guide with Prices, Second Edition" which is
                              one large comprehensive catalog. Just paging through it, the names of "fallen flags"
                              or railroads gone by the wayside or having been absorbed by ConRail or other larger
                              railroads bring back many memories. Cox can be contacted at: <a href="MailTo:%20tcox@coxrail.com">tcox@coxrail.c</a><a href="MailTo:%20tcox@coxrail.com">om.</a><p></p></div>
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